COMPUTERS
1942 - Atanasoff [Iowa State] developed an electronic digital computer.
1943 - Turing & Newman [in England] developed the Colossus - an all-electric digital computer using vacuum tubes instead of electro-mechanic relays.
1945 - von Neuman [Princeton] devised an electrical method for storing programs.
1946 - Mauchly & Eckert [U of Penn] built the Electronic Numerical Interpretor and Calculator [ENIAC]. This machine needed to be rewired for changes in calculations.