snímek PPT
Regulation of volume and tonicity (osmolality)
Water: about l,5 L is exchanged compulsatorily per day (of that, urine volume must be 0,5 L as a minimum), the rest of the exchange is facultative. The water balance is regulated by intake (thirst) and by urine excretion (adiuretin)
Tonicity is ultimately regulated by water, the circulating volume by sodium (Fig. 3)