Publications

29 Oct 2020

Microbleeds and the Effect of Anticoagulation in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: An Exploratory Analysis of the NAVIGATE ESUS Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance: The reported associations of cerebral microbleeds with recurrent stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage have raised concerns regarding antithrombotic treatment in patients with a history of stroke and microbleeds on magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: To characterize microbleeds in embolic strokes of undetermined source (ESUS) and report interactions between microbleeds and the effects of random assignment to anticoagulant vs antiplatelet therapy.

29 Oct 2020

The Practice of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Children and Adolescents in the Czech Republic

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the practice of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in child and adolescent patients in the Czech Republic.

Methods: We conducted a mail questionnaire survey among Czech facilities associated with the Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and university hospitals with inpatient psychiatric wards, focused on the practice of ECT between 2013 and 2017 in patients younger than 18 years.

29 Oct 2020

High frequency oscillations in epileptic and non-epileptic human hippocampus during a cognitive task

Hippocampal high-frequency electrographic activity (HFOs) represents one of the major discoveries not only in epilepsy research but also in cognitive science over the past few decades. A fundamental challenge, however, has been the fact that physiological HFOs associated with normal brain function overlap in frequency with pathological HFOs. We investigated the impact of a cognitive task on HFOs with the aim of improving differentiation between epileptic and non-epileptic hippocampi in humans. Hippocampal activity was recorded with depth electrodes in 15 patients with focal epilepsy during a resting period and subsequently during a cognitive task. HFOs in ripple and fast ripple frequency ranges were evaluated in both conditions, and their rate, spectral entropy, relative amplitude and duration were compared in epileptic and non-epileptic hippocampi.

20 Oct 2020

The Direct Costs of Dravet's Syndrome before and after Diagnosis Assessment

The objective of this study was to estimate the direct cost before and after diagnosis assessment in patients with Dravet's syndrome (DS). The basis of the economic study was to calculate the costs of health care before and after diagnosis of DS. We retrospectively evaluated all SCN1A positive patients with phenotype of DS treated in our hospital. Statistical analyses were performed by IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0 software. After the diagnosis of DS, there was a significant decline of health care costs (-85.6%) an average of €29.4 ± 26.1 monthly per patient. We estimated the monthly costs at €204.5 ± 167 (median: €193.9, range: €35.5-534.4) per patient before DS diagnosis.

20 Oct 2020

Blood pressure excursions in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis

Objective: To investigate the association of blood pressure BP excursions, defined as greater than 185 SBP or greater than 105 DBP, with the probability of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and worse functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).

Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis of the CLOTBUST-ER trial. Serial BP measurements were conducted using automated cuff recording according to the recommended BP protocol guidelines for tPA administration. The outcomes were prespecified efficacy and safety endpoints of CLOTBUST-ER.

20 Oct 2020

Temporally and sex-specific effects of maternal perinatal stress on offspring cortical gyrification and mood in young adulthood

Maternal stress during pregnancy and shortly thereafter is associated with altered offspring brain development that may increase risk of mood and anxiety disorders. Cortical gyrification is established during the prenatal period and the first 2 years of life and is altered in psychiatric disorders. Here, we sought to characterize the effects of perinatal stress exposure on offspring gyrification patterns and mood dysregulation in young adulthood.

20 Oct 2020

Epilepsy miRNA Profile Depends on the Age of Onset in Humans and Rats

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a severe neurological disorder accompanied by recurrent spontaneous seizures. Although the knowledge of TLE onset is still incomplete, TLE pathogenesis most likely involves the aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs play an essential role in organism homeostasis and are widely studied in TLE as potential therapeutics and biomarkers. However, many discrepancies in discovered miRNAs occur among TLE studies due to model-specific miRNA expression, different onset ages of epilepsy among patients, or technology-related bias.

8 Oct 2020

Simple compensation method for improved half-pulse excitation profile with rephasing gradient

Purpose: To improve the slice profile quality obtained by RF half-pulse excitation for 2D-UTE applications.

Methods: The overall first-order and zero-order phase errors along the slice-selection direction were obtained with the help of an optimization task to minimize the out-of-slice signal contamination from the calibration 1-dimenisonal (1D) profile data.

7 Oct 2020

Suboptimal response to STN-DBS in Parkinson's disease can be identified via reaction times in a motor cognitive paradigm

Although deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is generally a successful therapy, adverse events and insufficient clinical effect can complicate the treatment in some patients. We studied clinical parameters and cortical oscillations related to STN-DBS to identify patients with suboptimal responses.

7 Oct 2020

Use of high-density EEG in patients with Parkinson's disease treated with deep brain stimulation

The number of reports on cognitive changes related to deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery in Parkinson's disease (PD) is growing. The aim of the review was to assess whether high-density electroencephalography (HD EEG) in patients with DBS treatment for PD is used and mentioned as a research method for the assessment of cognitive function changes after DBS of the subthalamic nucleus.

7 Oct 2020

Thrombectomy vs medical management in low NIHSS acute anterior circulation stroke

Background: Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is highly effective for acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion (LVO) and moderate to severe neurologic deficits.

Objective: To undertake an effectiveness and safety analysis of EVT in patients with LVO and NIHSS ≤6 using datasets of multicentre and multinational nature.

6 Oct 2020

Medical Students' Career Choice and Attitudes Toward Psychiatry: Case of the Czech Republic

A survey among medical students of all medical schools in the Czech Republic was conducted to investigate attitudes and views of psychiatry and career choice of psychiatry.

6 Oct 2020

Cerebrocerebellar structural covariance in temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate cerebral morphological changes in temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS) and their relationship to the cerebellum.

15 Sep 2020

Cognitive task-related functional connectivity alterations in temporal lobe epilepsy

We investigated cognitive task-related functional connectivity (FC) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Using a visual three-stimulus paradigm (VTSP), we studied cognitive large-scale networks and the impact of TLE on connectivity outside the temporal lobe.

15 Sep 2020

Orientation-selective and directional deep brain stimulation in swine assessed by functional MRI at 3T

Functional MRI (fMRI) has become an important tool for probing network-level effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS). Previous DBS-fMRI studies have shown that electrical stimulation of the ventrolateral (VL) thalamus can modulate sensorimotor cortices in a frequency and amplitude dependent manner. Here, we investigated, using a swine animal model, how the direction and orientation of the electric field, induced by VL-thalamus DBS, affects activity in the sensorimotor cortex.

15 Sep 2020

Simple compensation method for improved half-pulse excitation profile with rephasing gradient

The overall first-order and zero-order phase errors along the slice-selection direction were obtained with the help of an optimization task to minimize the out-of-slice signal contamination from the calibration 1-dimenisonal (1D) profile data. The time-phase-error evolution was approximated from the k-space readout data, which were acquired primarily for correction of the readout trajectories during data regridding to the rectilinear grids. The correction of the slice profile was achieved by rephasing gradient pulses applied immediately after the end of excitation. The total prescan calibration typically took less than 2 minutes.

15 Sep 2020

Structural Alterations in Deep Brain Structures in Type 1 Diabetes

Even though well known in type 2 diabetes, the existence of brain changes in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and both their neuroanatomical and clinical features are less well characterized. To fill the void in the current understanding of this disease, we sought to determine the possible neural correlate in long-duration T1D at several levels including macrostructural, microstructural cerebral damage and blood flow alterations.

15 Sep 2020

Detection of ischemic changes on baseline multimodal computed tomography: expert reading vs. Brainomix and RAPID software

The aim of the study was to compare the assessment of ischemic changes by expert reading and available automated software for non-contrast CT (NCCT) and CT perfusion on baseline multimodal imaging and demonstrate the accuracy for the final infarct prediction.